SVOA Neurology

Orestes Andrés Herrera Lorenzo^1*, Rafael Soler González², Jesús Llabrés Olmo³

¹Neurologist, Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Melilla University Hospital, Spain.

²Chief Neurologist, Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Melilla University Hospital, Spain.

³Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Neuroimaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences – Neurophysiology Section, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38071, Spain.

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Orestes Andres Herrera Lorenzo, Neurologist, Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Melilla University Hospital, Spain.

https://doi.org/10.58624/SVOANE.2025.06.023

Received: June 26, 2025

Published: August 28, 2025

Citation: Herrera-Lorenzo OA, Soler-Gonza lez R, Llabres-Olmo J. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Neurological Disorders: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. SVOA Neurology 2025, 6:4, 115-137. doi. 10.58624/SVOANE.2025.06.023

Abstract

This is a comprehensive review of the development, mechanisms of action, safety, and clinical applications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in various neurological conditions. It is particularly directed at clinical neurologists and aims to provide an in-depth analysis of both laboratory and clinical evidence, offering a clear overview of the current and potential future uses of this technique. The review also highlights the present limitations and challenges of rTMS in clinical practice. In summary, we state rTMS is a promising tool for clinical neurologists, especially in scenarios of therapeutic resistance. While its routine use still requires stronger evidence, the convergence of technological innovations and neuroscience positions this modality as a future cornerstone in neuromodulation.

Keywords: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Noninvasive Brain Stimulation; Neuromodulation; Neuroplasticity; Motor Dysfunction; Pain; Spasticity.